THE IMPORTANCE OF BATTERY MAINTENANCE 
电池维护的重要性

Material handling equipment (MHE) is designed to tackle heavy-duty tasks, often in demanding environments. These machines rely on batteries to provide the necessary power to move heavy loads efficiently and safely, ensuring smooth operation of the entire supply chain. 
物料搬运设备（MHE）旨在处理重型任务，通常在苛刻的环境中运行。这些机器依赖电池提供必要的动力，以高效、安全地移动重物，确保整个供应链的顺畅运行。

Benefits for proper care and maintenance of batteries in MHE are as follows:
对物料搬运设备（MHE）电池进行妥善护理和维护的益处如下：

1. Performance: Well-maintained batteries provide consistent power output, enabling equipment to operate efficiently and meet productivity goals.
   性能：维护良好的电池能提供稳定的电力输出，使装备高效运行并实现生产目标。
2. Longevity: Regular maintenance can significantly extend the lifespan of batteries, reducing the frequency and cost of replacements.
   寿命：定期维护可显著延长电池的使用寿命，降低更换的频率和成本。
3. Safety: Neglected batteries can pose safety hazards, including acid leaks, gas emissions, and even the risk of fire or explosion. Adequate care minimizes these risks.
   安全：忽视电池可能导致安全隐患，包括酸液泄漏、燃料费排放，甚至存在火灾或爆炸的风险。适当的维护能将这些风险降至最低。
4. Cost Savings: Investing time and resources in battery maintenance can lead to substantial cost savings in the long run by avoiding premature battery replacements and reducing downtime.
   成本节约：投入时间和资源进行电池维护，从长远来看可以避免过早更换电池并减少停机时间，从而实现显著的成本节约。

BEST PRACTICES FOR BATTERY CARE AND MAINTENANCE
电池保养与维护的最佳实践

A common battery type used in material handling trucks is lead acid. These batteries are designed to provide a steady stream of power over an extended period, which is well-suited for the frequent charging and discharging cycles required in warehouses and other industrial environments.
物料搬运车中常用的一种电池类型是铅酸电池。这些电池旨在长时间提供稳定的电力，非常适合仓库及其他工业环境中频繁的充放电循环需求。

Practicing a comprehensive battery care and maintenance routine is crucial for maximizing the performance and longevity of lead-acid batteries. Below are factors and practices to consider for optimal battery and machine function. 
实施全面的电池保养与维护流程对于最大化铅酸电池的性能和使用寿命至关重要。以下是为确保电池和机器最佳运行而需考虑的因素与实践。

Charging充电

The charging of lead-acid batteries is heavily influenced by the state of charge and the depth of discharge. The state of charge refers to the charge level in a battery relative to its capacity. For example, a battery with 70 percent of its charge remaining has a state of charge of 70 percent.
铅酸电池的充电过程受其充电状态和放电深度的显著影响。充电状态是指电池相对于其容量的电量水平。例如，剩余电量为70%的电池，其充电状态即为70%。

The depth of discharge is the opposite of the state of charge. It is defined as the capacity removed or “discharged” from a fully charged battery. Therefore, a battery with a state of charge at 70 percent will have a depth of discharge of 30 percent.
放电深度是充电状态的相反概念。它被定义为从充满电的电池中移除或“放电”的电量。因此，充电状态为70%的电池，其放电深度为30%。

Under normal circumstances, it is recommended to keep lead-acid batteries between 20 to 80 percent of the state of charge and wait until they reach 80 percent of the depth of discharge before recharging. Most new batteries provide around 1500+ charge “cycles.” Charging batteries within these ranges helps minimize the number of charge cycles, increasing the battery’s lifespan. 
在正常情况下，建议将铅酸电池的充电状态保持在20%至80%之间，并等到放电深度达到80%时再进行充电。大多数新电池可提供1500次以上的充电“循环”。在这些范围内为电池充电有助于减少充电循环次数，从而延长电池的使用寿命。

Another way to minimize charge cycles is to tailor recharging practices to operations. For example, sporadic or light to medium-duty applications may benefit from opportunity charging. This charging method takes advantage of short breaks to give the battery a partial charge, which can extend its overall life. In contrast, heavy-duty operations may benefit from scheduled charging based on usage patterns. 
另一种减少充电循环的方法是根据操作需求调整充电习惯。例如，对于偶尔使用或轻中度负载的应用，机会充电可能更为有利。这种充电方式利用短暂的休息时间对电池进行部分充电，从而延长其整体使用寿命。相比之下，重度负载操作则可能更适合根据使用模式进行计划充电。

Overall, charging only when necessary is one of the best ways to extend battery life. It spreads the battery’s charge cycles over a longer period and ensures the maximum number of productive years of the equipment.  
总的来说，仅在必要时充电是延长电池寿命的最佳方法之一。它能将电池的充电循环分散到更长的时间段内，并确保装备能够发挥最大生产年限。

Equalization charging is also recommended to increase battery lifespan. This process is a deliberate overcharge, designed to minimize the chances of sulfation (build-up of lead sulphate crystals) and stratification (when the electrolyte mixture settles at the bottom) common in lead-acid batteries. 
此外，建议进行均衡充电以延长电池寿命。这一过程是一种刻意的过充，旨在减少铅酸电池中常见的硫化（硫酸铅晶体堆积）和分层（电解液混合物沉淀在底部）现象。

Depending on the brand of charger, equalization can be done by selecting “weekend,” “equalize,” or “weekly” charge. Doing this approximately every five to ten cycles can help keep the battery performing at peak efficiency. 
根据充电器的品牌不同，可以通过选择“周末”、“均衡”或“每周”充电来进行均衡操作。大约每五到十个循环进行一次此操作，有助于保持电池处于最佳性能状态。
WHAT TO AVOID WHEN CHARGING A MATERIAL HANDLING BATTERY: 
物料搬运电池充电时应避免的事项：
Never over-discharge a battery. This can damage the battery, causing the MHE’s electrical components to run excessively hot. This can also increase recharge time outside the charger range, leading to only partial battery charges or causing the battery voltage to fall below the threshold required for the charger to activate (leading to a service call to fix the issue). 
切勿过度放电电池。这可能会损坏电池，导致MHE的电气部件过热。这还可能增加充电时间，导致电池充电不足，或使电池电压降至充电器启动所需的阈值以下（从而需要报修来解决此问题）。
Avoid interrupting charge cycles. Lead-acid batteries cannot differentiate between partial or complete charging, so interrupting a battery while charging will still count towards the total number of charge cycles available for the machine.
避免中断充电周期。铅酸电池无法区分部分充电或完全充电，因此在充电过程中中断电池充电，仍会计入机器可用的总充电周期次数。
Never allow a battery to sit discharged for more than a few days to avoid “sulfation.” If storing a battery is necessary, it is best practice to charge it prior and once every three to six months after that to avoid damage. 
切勿让电池在放电状态下放置超过几天，以免发生“硫化”现象。如果必须存放电池，最佳做法是先将其充满电，此后每隔三到六个月充电一次，以避免电池损坏。
Never allow a battery to die completely. It will take over 72 hours of continuous charging to return to full charge. This may also require shop service to restore full charge. 
切勿让电池完全耗尽。恢复满电需要连续充电超过72小时。这可能还需要商店服务来恢复满电。
Watering加水
Lead-acid batteries are immersed in a fluid electrolyte solution of sulfuric acid and water. During charging, the water levels within the battery drop due to evaporation and leaks. “Watering” involves replenishing the electrolyte solution by adding distilled or deionized water. This prevents damage and ensures proper function. 
铅蓄电池浸泡在硫酸和水的液体电解质溶液中。在充电过程中，电池内的水位会因蒸发和泄漏而下降。“加水”是指通过添加蒸馏水或去离子水来补充电解质溶液。这可以防止损坏并确保正常运行。

Generally, new batteries must be watered approximately every ten charges for the first few years. Older batteries may require water every five charges. Regular inspections are important to ensure electrolyte levels are not depleted. 
通常情况下，新电池在前几年大约每充电十次就需要加一次水。旧电池可能每充电五次就需要加水。定期检查非常重要，以确保电解液液位没有耗尽。

It is advised to check two or three pilot cells every five charges to see that the water level is between the minimum and maximum markers (e.g., perforated plastic Element Protector). Add only enough water to fall within the markers.
建议每充电五次检查两到三个导向电池，确保水位处于最低和最高标记之间（例如，带孔的塑料元件保护器）。仅添加足够的水，使其水位落在标记范围内。

What to avoid when watering: 
加水时应避免的事项：
Do not over-water. This will cause an overflow on the next charge. The acid loss can reduce battery capacity, generate more heat, increase the evaporation rate, and increase corrosion at terminals. It will cause overflow on the next charge. Acid loss shortens run time, generates more heat, and requires shop service to correct. 
不要过量加水。这会导致下次充电时溢出。酸液流失会降低电池容量，产生更多热量，加快蒸发速度，并增加端子腐蚀。这会导致下次充电时溢出。酸液流失会缩短运行时间，产生更多热量，并且需要商店维修才能修复。
Only add water after a full charge (when the battery is cooled). 
仅在充满电（电池冷却后）时加水。
Cleaning清洁
It is essential to clean a lead-acid battery and its terminals to prevent the build-up of dirt, dust, and corrosive residue. A clean battery operates more efficiently and is less prone to short circuits.
清洁铅酸电池及其接线端子至关重要，以防止污垢、灰尘和腐蚀性残留物堆积。清洁的电池运行效率更高，且不易发生短路。

Acid vapors escape during charge, which causes the residue to develop around the vent cap area. The residue is conductive and corrosive. If not rinsed away, the conductivity can cause the battery to discharge itself and generate additional heat during recharge. Over time, the residue will also form clumps of conductive white corrosion that will shorten the battery lifespan and lead to safety concerns if allowed to accumulate. 
充电过程中会逸出酸性蒸气，导致排气孔盖区域形成残留物。这些残留物具有导电性和腐蚀性。如果不将其冲洗掉，其导电性可能会导致电池自放电，并在重新充电时产生额外热量。随着时间的推移，这些残留物还会形成导电的白色腐蚀物团块，如果任其堆积，会缩短电池寿命并引发安全问题。

Rinsing the batteries as needed (or every few months) is advised to remove the acid residue from the battery. 
建议根据需要（或每隔几个月）冲洗电池，以清除电池上的酸性残留物。

If a battery ever overflows, take a few minutes to rinse it with water immediately afterward (baking soda optional) to prevent corrosion on top of and beneath the battery. Use enough water to thoroughly dilute the spilled acid so it is not harmful to the environment. 
如果电池发生溢出，请立即花几分钟时间用水冲洗（可选择性使用小苏打），以防止电池顶部和底部发生腐蚀。使用足够的水彻底稀释溢出的酸液，以免对环境造成危害。

Ventilation通风
Lead-acid batteries produce hydrogen gas while charging, which could cause an explosion if exposed sparks or flame, resulting in injury or death. Ensure the battery charging area is well-ventilated to disperse any hydrogen gas emissions, reducing the risk of explosions. 
铅酸电池在充电时会产生氢气，如果接触到火花或火焰，可能会引发爆炸，导致人员受伤或死亡。确保电池充电区域通风良好，以分散排放的氢气，降低爆炸风险。

Temperature Control温度控制
Batteries operate best within a specific temperature range. Extreme heat or cold can negatively impact battery performance and lifespan. 
电池在特定温度范围内运行效果最佳。极端高温或低温会对电池性能和寿命产生负面影响。

It is also essential to stop using a battery if it overheats or emits a strong sulphur smell during use or charging. This signifies a battery, charger, or lift problem that requires a service call. 
如果在充电或使用过程中电池过热或发出强烈的硫磺味，必须立即停止使用。这表明电池、充电器或升降机存在问题，需要联系维修服务。

Training and Documentation
培训与文档
Training equipment operators on proper battery handling, charging procedures, and safety protocols are essential. Keeping detailed records of battery maintenance, charging cycles, and replacements can also help track the battery’s health and performance over time.
对装备操作员进行关于正确电池处理、充电程序和安全协议的培训至关重要。保留电池维护、充电周期和更换的详细记录也有助于跟踪电池随时间推移的健康状况和性能。

IDENTIFYING BATTERY TROUBLES
识别电池故障
Recognizing the early signs of battery trouble can help prevent more significant issues. Here are some common warning signs to look out for:
识别电池故障的早期迹象有助于防止更严重的问题。以下是一些需要注意的常见警告信号：

Reduced run time: If the battery’s runtime between charges significantly decreases, it might indicate capacity loss or cell damage.
运行时间缩短：如果电池两次充电之间的运行时间显著减少，这可能表明电池容量下降或电芯损坏。
Excessive heat: Batteries should stay cool during charging or operation. Overheating can indicate a problem with the charging process or battery health.
过热：电池在充电或运行时应保持凉爽。过热可能表明充电过程或电池健康状况存在问题。
Low voltage: If the battery consistently delivers lower voltage levels, it might indicate cell imbalance or deterioration.
低电压：如果电池持续输出较低的电压，可能表明电池单元不平衡或出现老化。
Corrosion: Corrosion around the battery terminals can impede electrical contact and reduce battery efficiency.
腐蚀：电池端子周围的腐蚀会阻碍电气接触并降低电池效率。
WHEN TO REPLACE A BATTERY
何时更换电池
Despite proper care, batteries will eventually reach the end of their lifespan. Knowing when to replace a battery is essential to prevent equipment downtime and maintain productivity. Factors indicating the need for replacement include:
尽管精心保养，电池最终也会达到其使用寿命的终点。了解何时更换电池对于防止设备停机和保持生产力至关重要。表明需要更换的因素包括：

Reduced capacity: When a battery no longer holds a charge for an adequate period, it might be time to replace it.
容量下降：当电池无法再保持足够长时间的电量时，可能就是更换电池的时候了。
Excessive voltage drop: If voltage drops drastically during use, the battery’s internal resistance might be too high for effective operation.
电压降过大：如果在使用的过程中电压大幅下降，电池的内阻可能过高，无法有效运行。
Irreversible damage: Severe physical damage, such as cracked cases or leaking electrolytes, often warrants immediate replacement.
不可逆损坏：严重的物理损坏，如外壳破裂或电解液泄漏，通常需要立即更换。
LEAN INC. BATTERY CARE AND MAINTENANCE RECOMMENDATIONS
LEAN INC. 电池保养与维护建议
Proper care and maintenance of MHE batteries are crucial to ensure they perform reliably and effectively. By adhering to best practices, monitoring for warning signs, and knowing when to replace a battery, businesses can maximize productivity, leading to a smoother and more cost-effective workflow. 
对物料搬运设备（MHE）电池进行适当的保养和维护，对于确保其可靠且高效地运行至关重要。通过遵循最佳实践、监测预警信号并了解何时更换电池，企业可以最大限度地提高生产力，从而实现更顺畅、更具成本效益的工作流程。

Below, we have outlined additional steps to charge MHE batteries for reliability, longevity, and performance. 
以下我们概述了为确保MHE电池的可靠性、长寿命和性能而采取的额外充电步骤。

KEEP YOUR BATTERY:保持电池状态：
Cool – Allow post-charge cooling to below 120 F
冷却 – 充电后需冷却至120华氏度以下
Clean – clean, dry batteries last longer and have fewer problems.
清洁 – 保持电池清洁干燥，使用寿命更长，故障更少。
Watered – Keep the plates in the cells covered without overflow.
加水 – 保持电池极板浸没，但不要溢出。
Charged – Unless using specialized chargers, charge at most once every 24 hours.
充电 – 除非使用专用充电器，否则最多每24小时充电一次。
Discharged – discharge to no more than 80 percent depth of discharge (many forklifts prevent over-discharge with a lift interrupt)
放电 – 放电深度不超过80%（许多叉车会通过提升中断来防止过度放电）
Rotated – It is good practice to rotate your battery fleet if in a multi-shift, multi-battery environment.
轮换 – 在多班次、多电池的环境中，轮换使用电池组是良好的做法。
SCHEDULING MAINTENANCE 安排维护
Batter care and maintenance should be a consistent endeavor. However, certain features or practices are better suited for daily or scheduled maintenance. This is discussed below. 
电池的护理和维护应是一项持续的工作。然而，某些功能或做法更适合日常或定期维护。下文将对此进行讨论。

DAILY MAINTENANCE 日常维护
Inspect your batteries after a complete recharge and cooling (usually eight hours of charging and eight hours of cooling). Check for frayed cables, broken connectors, etc.
在电池完全充电并冷却后（通常需要充电八小时和冷却八小时），请检查电池。检查是否有电缆磨损、连接器损坏等问题。
Discharge to no more than 80 percent. You can fool MHE into discharging the battery below 80 percent by performing a boost charge on a break. The machine will think there is more energy in the battery than there is. This may cause damage to the battery and extra wear on the equipment. Remember, the more a battery is discharged, the higher the amps flow into the truck and the greater the wear on the MHE’s electrical components.
放电量不超过80%。你可以在休息时进行补电，从而欺骗MHE将电池放电至80%以下。机器会认为电池中的电量比实际更多。这可能会损坏电池并导致装备额外磨损。请记住，电池放电越多，流入卡车的电流就越大，对MHE电气部件的磨损也就越严重。
REGULAR OR SEMI-REGULAR MAINTENANCE
定期或半定期维护
Check that the battery and the charger are correctly matched. Ask your sales rep to perform an audit to be sure. They have been trained to identify mismatched batteries and chargers.
检查电池和充电器是否正确匹配。请联系您的销售代表进行审核以确保万无一失。他们经过培训，能够识别不匹配的电池和充电器。
Water the battery weekly upon full recharge. Be sure the battery is filled to at least 1/4″ below the vent well neck. The best water is demineralized or distilled.
每周充满电后为电池加水。确保电池水位至少低于通风口颈部1/4英寸。最佳的水质是去离子水或蒸馏水。
Equalize charge weekly. Some chargers will automatically do this – but if you need clarification, check with your sales rep.
每周进行均衡充电。某些充电器会自动执行此操作——但如果您需要进一步说明，请咨询您的销售代表。
Twice a year, clean and neutralize your batteries. This will help prolong the life of your batteries.
每年两次清洁并中和您的电池。这将有助于延长电池的使用寿命。
At the same time, have a battery technician check specific gravity readings, cell temperatures, and voltages.
同时，让电池技术人员检查比重读数、电池温度和电压。